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The Death Salesman


Name    : Maula Akhadin
NIM      : A 320080273

Class     : H

The Death of  Salesman

1. The Characters

a. Willy Loman is an individual who craves attention and is governed by a desire   for success and as an aging salesman.
b. Linda Loman Willy Loman's wife. She is Willy's champion and takes it upon herself to reconcile her family.
c. Biff Loman The Lomans' older son. Biff is the only member of the family who knows about Willy's affair, and he resents his father bitterly.
d. Happy Loman The Lomans' younger son. Happy is a womanizer driven by his sexuality.
e. Uncle Ben Willy's older brother. He made a fortune in the African jungle by the time he     was 21 years old.
f. Charley A long-time acquaintance of the Lomans. Charlie is a true friend to Willy, even     though Willy is jealous of him.
g. Bernard Charley's son. He is a successful lawyer.
h. The Woman Willy's former lover, with whom he had an affair many years ago in     Boston.
I. Howard Wagner Willy's current boss. Howard is a businessman, unaffected by the facts     that Willy worked for his father and named him as a child.
j. Jenny Charley's secretary.
k. Stanley A waiter.
l. Miss Forsythe and Letta Young prostitutes.

2. Plot
Most good stories start with a fundamental list of ingredients: the initial situation, conflict, complication, climax, suspense, denouement, and conclusion. Great writers sometimes shake up the recipe and add some spice.

3. Setting
Death of a Salesman takes place in New York and Boston, at a Manhattan restaurant.

4. Style
Tragedy
There is much discussion of whether Death of a Salesman can be considered a tragedy. ‘Tragedy’ as  a form was defined by the Greek playwright Aristotle in 330 BCE. He defined a tragic character . Language , the use of language in Death of a Salesman is entirely Realistic. Miller’s dialogue is carefully constructed to  follow the exact speech patterns of ordinary New Yorkers. It is very dense and fast, with repetitions,  hesitations, and contradictions. The characters often use slang and clichés .

5. Theme/issue
Willy is deteriorating and suicidal, Biff is told to get serious.
Here comes the conflict, right on schedule. Willy’s mental wanderings are getting worse; he is preoccupied with Biff’s aimlessness and inability to find success in business. Linda informs her sons that Willy has been trying to commit suicide and tells Biff that his father’s life is in his hands. Biff needs to get a job and get serious or take the blame for his father’s actions.


6. Conclusion
Biff rejects his father’s misguided dream, but Happy runs with it.
At the conclusion of the play, it is totally clear that Willy was wrong about himself. Not that we ever thought otherwise, but practically no one comes to his funeral. Biff now realizes that his father didn’t know himself and picked the wrong path. He will certainly not follow in his father’s footsteps. Happy, on the other hand, defends his father’s misguided dreams and decides to take them on himself. MAN VS SOCIETY

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The Lesson (Eugene Ionesco)




 Maula Akhadin
A.    320080 273
The Lesson (Eugene Ionesco)

The LeThe Lesson (French: La Lecon) is a one-act play by Eugene Ionesco. It was first performed in 1951 in a production directed by Marcel Cuvelier (who also played the Professor). Claude Mansard played the Maid and Rosette Zuchelli played the Pupil in that production. Since 1957 it has been in permanent production at Paris' Theatre de la Huchette, on an Ionesco double-bill with The Bald Soprano. The play has been regarded as an important work of what some critics have called the "Theatre of the Absurd." 

            The setting of this story mostly is lesson situation between the professor and his pupil.
The Theme
The theme on this play is man between man and society. This play, by Ionesco is a drama that satirizes totalitarianism in education, politics, language, psychology, and sexuality. The end is really the beginning and the inevitable play of wits between youth and age, power and manipulation is staged over and over again as a part of the game of life itself
The play is set in the study of a professor who tutors one student at a time. The way that he teaches these doctorate students proceeds in a manner that becomes completely stifling and controlling. He talks nonsense and expects the student to verbalize what he wants them to say. He eventually kills the student. The maid, a central character in the play continues to warn him not to proceed yet she helps him clean up his mess.

The characters
-    Professor, The Professor is associated as the cleverest and the highest. He is 50 to 60 years old. He is an aggressive person, excessively polite, very timid, his voice deadened by his timidity.
-     The young pupil aged 18. She is a rich person, and fool person but she is attractive.  
-    The Maid, aged 45 to 50. She is stout, patient, red faced. She is always pay attention to the professor.


Synopsis
The young pupil is eager to learn and she dominates the professor with her confidence and youth, but as the story develops.  Even more she is suffering from the professor’s voice and explanation, such as toothache, earache, headache and eyes ache. The maid, Marie, always warns the professor about his “health” and calamity that might happen. Unfortunately the professor, instead of listening to his maid, ignores her every time she warns him. The maid warns him when the professor explains about philology, and again, the professor ignores her. The maid also warns the professor again when he starts asking about ‘knife’ in different languages, but the maid is already tired to warn him. In the end of the play, the professor kills the pupil with an imaginative knife and with the help of his maid he could get rid of her corpse and then the stage is set again with another young pupil who is ready for the lesson. And it is fortieth times his killed.         


  the message and moral value

The story in Ionesco’s The Lesson is a portrayal of nowadays status versus control. In specific terms the ‘professor’ is associated as the cleverest and the highest. Besides, from the progress of the play, the professor underestimates the pupil, who is clever, eager and enthusiastic to learn. in this play the professor is insane. His explanation does not make sense at all when he explains about philology. It seems bizarre when they discussed the subtraction the pupil suddenly becomes stupid, while in fact she is very clever in multiplication.
 From this play, we can see a portrayal of status and control as seen in Indonesia Many professors underestimate their pupils and consider them as people who are ignorant, too much confident and always to parade their knowledge. Meanwhile, the professor himself, in fact, does not make sense and ignorant, too. This is seen from his explanation in philology and how he ignores his maid every time she warns him. In the end, the ‘professor’ kills the ‘pupil’ with his imaginative knife. This kind of phenomenon is also seen in Indonesia. One might remember the advertisement of a cigarette which employs a long memorable phrase: Belum tua, belum boleh bicara. This phenomenon keeps on happening, keeps on being unsolved, and we can do nothing about it.
Its also reminds us to control our emotion when we are in difficult situations and stay calm, not to underestimate to other people, and be open-minded person.


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MY HEART LEAPS UP WHEN I BEHOLD


MY HEART LEAPS UP WHEN I BEHOLD
by William Wordsworth (1770‑1850)

My heart leaps up when I behold
A rainbow in the sky:
So was it when my life began;
So is it now I am a man;
So be it when I shall grow old,
Or let me die!
The Child is father of the Man;
And I could wish my days to be
Bound each to each by natural piety.


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MEETING AT NIGHT


MEETING AT NIGHT
Robert Browning (1812-1889)

The gray sea and the long black land;
And the yellow half-moon large and low;
And the startled little waves that leap
In fiery ringlets from their sleep,
As I gain the cove with pushing prow,
And quench its speed i’ the slushy sand.
Then a mile of warm sea-scented beach;
Three fields to cross till a farm appears;
A tap at the pane, the quick sharp scratch
And blue spurt of a lighted match,
And a voice less loud, through its joys and fears,
Than the two hearts beating each to each!


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LEDA AND THE SWAN


LEDA AND THE SWAN
William Butler Yeats (1865 – 1939)

A sudden blow: the great wings beating still
Above the staggering girl, her things caressed
By the dark webs, her nape caught in his bill,
He holds her helpless breast upon his breast.
How can those terrified vague fingers push
The feathered glory from her loosening thighs?
And how can body, laid in that white rush,
But feel the strange heart beating where it lies?
A shudder in the loins engenders there
The broken wall, the burning roof and tower
And Agamemnon dead.
Being so caught up,
So mastered by the brute blood of the air,
Did she put on his knowledge with his power
Before the indifferent beak could let her drop?


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IS MY TEAM PLOUGHING


IS MY TEAM PLOUGHING
A.E. Housman (1859-1936)

Is my team ploughing,
That I was used to drive
And hear the harness jingle
When I was man alive?”
Aye, the horses trample,
The harness jingles now;
No change though you lie under
The land you used to plough.
“Is football playing
Along the river shore,
With lads to chase the leather,
Now I stand up no more?”
Aye, the ball is flying,

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I GAVE MYSELF TO HIM


I GAVE MYSELF TO HIM
Emily Dickinson (1830-1886)

I gave myself to him,
And took himself for pay.
The solemn contract of a life
Was ratified this way.
The wealth might disappoint,
Myself a poorer prove
Than this great purchaser suspect,
The daily own of love.
Depreciate the vision;
But till the merchant buy,
Still fable in the Isles of Spice
The subtle cargoes lie.
At least ’tis mutual risk,
Some found it mutual gain:
Sweet debt of life, each night to owe,
Insolvent every noon.


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